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Abstract
This review examines the control of plant disease pathogens and plant biosecurity. Losses are heavy. Major food crops lose 13-22% of their yield to pathogens every year. The paper covers the main approaches to disease management: agronomic and quarantine measures, breeding for resistance, chemical protection and biological control agents. Plant biosecurity is treated as part of the One Health concept, because plant health is directly linked to food security, ecosystem stability and human health. The roles of surveillance and risk assessment, community engagement and quarantine screening during germplasm exchange are described. Diagnostic methods are compared step by step, from visual assessment and microscopy to serological tools (ELISA, lateral flow devices), PCR variants and isothermal amplification (LAMP, RPA). Remote sensing is discussed separately: hyperspectral, multispectral and thermal imaging, unmanned aerial vehicles, artificial intelligence and IoT sensors. No single method is enough. Early detection requires rapid field tests and remote sensing combined with laboratory molecular confirmation, and this combination should form the basis of a national phytosanitary control system.